Linux Server World

                                                    BOOT PROCESS  * The following are the 6 high level stages of a typical Linux boot process. 1. BIOS BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. In simple terms, the BIOS loads and executes the Master Boot Record (MBR) boot loader. When you first turn on your computer, the BIOS first performs some integrity checks of the HDD or SSD. Then, the BIOS searches for, loads, and executes the boot loader program, which can be found in the Master Boot Record (MBR). The MBR is sometimes on a USB stick or CD-ROM such as with a live installation of Linux. Once the boot loader program is detected, it's then loaded into memory and the BIOS gives control of the system to it. 2. MBR MBR stands for Master Boot Record.It is located in the 1st sector of the bootable disk. Typically /dev/hda, or /d...

  Following are the important differences between Linux and Windows. Sr. No. Linux Windows 1 Linux is Open Source and is free to use. Windows is not open source and is not free to use. 2 There are no drives in Linux Windows has different drives like C: D: E 3 For every user /home/username directory is created which is called his home directory. In windows, My Documents is default home directory. 4 More secure Vulnerable to viruses and malware attacks. 5 Linux file system is case sensitive. Windows file system is case insensitive. ...

Introduction of Operating System  An operating system is a software that manages the computer hardware. The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system Why use an operating system? An operating system brings powerful benefits to computer software and software development. Without an operating system, every application would need to include its own UI, as well as the comprehensive code needed to handle all low-level functionality of the underlying computer, such as disk storage, network interfaces and so on. Considering the vast array of underlying hardware available, this would vastly bloat the size of every application and make software development impractical. Instead, many common tasks, such as sending a network packet or displaying text on a standard output device, such as a display, can be offloaded to system software that serves as an i...

  What is Kernel ? Kernel acts as a bridge between applications and data processing performed at hardware level using inter-process communication and system calls. A Kernel is a computer program that is the heart and core of an Operating System. Since the Operating System has control over the system so, the Kernel also has control over everything in the system. It is the most important part of an Operating System. Whenever a system starts, the Kernel is the first program that is loaded after the bootloader because the Kernel has to handle the rest of the thing of the system for the Operating System. The Kernel remains in the memory until the Operating System is shut-down Type of Kernel  Monolithic Kernel.  This kernel type has all required functionality inside the kernel, schedulers, device drivers, memory management etc all in a memory space owned by the kernel. Monolithic kernels typically have the highest data throughput of all kernels and is best used in large servers...

  What Is Linux? Just like Windows, iOS, and Mac OS, Linux is an operating system. In fact, one of the most popular platforms on the planet, Android, is powered by the Linux operating system. An operating system is software that manages all of the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. Linux is a free and open source software, which means that you can use, copy, study, and change the software in any way. It is distributed with the source code so users can view and modify it. This is in contrast to Microsoft Windows, a proprietary operating system. How was Linux created? Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a then-student at the University of Helsinki. Torvalds built Linux as a free and open source alternative to Minix, another Unix clone that was predominantly used in academic settings. He originally intended to name it “Freax,” but the administrator of the server Torvalds used to distribute the original code named his directory “Linux” after a comb...